Universidade de Harvard

cerca de 500~20000

265

É sucesso ou fracasso. mas perseverança feroz

2

192.0.66.20

functionis_ie(){ varua=window.nigator.userent;//Checktheuserentpropertyofthewindow.nigatorobject varmsie=ua.indexOf('MSIE');//IE10orolder vartrident=ua.indexOf('Trident/');//IE11 return(msie>0||trident>0); } functionnot_excluded_pe(){ return(window.location.href.indexOf("/unsupported-browser/")===-1&&.toLowerCase().indexOf('penotfound')===-1); } if(is_ie()&¬_excluded_pe()){ window.location=location.protocol+'//'+location.host+'/unsupported-browser/'; } vargtm4wp_datalayer_name="dataLayer"; vardataLayer=dataLayer||[]; HarvardUniversity .parsely-recommendations-list-title{font-size:1.2em}.parsely-recommendations-list{list-style:none;padding:unset}.parsely-recommendations-cardbody{overflow:hidden;padding:.8em;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.parsely-recommendations-cardmedia{padding:.8em.8em0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@mediaprint{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper.wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em2.375em}.widget_ep-facetinput[type=search],.wp-block-elasticpress-facetinput[type=search]{margin-bottom:1rem}.widget_ep-facet.searchable.inner,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet.searchable.inner{max-height:20em;overflow:scroll}.widget_ep-facet.term.hide,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet.term.hide{display:none}.widget_ep-facet.empty-term,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet.empty-term{opacity:.5;position:relative}.widget_ep-facet.empty-term:after,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet.empty-term:after{bottom:0;content:"";display:block;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:100%;z-index:2}.widget_ep-facet.level-1,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet.level-1{padding-left:20px}.widget_ep-facet.level-2,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet.level-2{padding-left:40px}.widget_ep-facet.level-3,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet.level-3{padding-left:60px}.widget_ep-facet.level-4,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet.level-4{padding-left:5pc}.widget_ep-facet.level-5,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet.level-5{padding-left:75pt}.widget_ep-facetinput[disabled],.wp-block-elasticpress-facetinput[disabled]{cursor:pointer;opacity:1}.widget_ep-facet.terma,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet.terma{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:relative}.widget_ep-facet.terma:hover.ep-checkbox,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet.terma:hover.ep-checkbox{background-color:#ccc}.ep-checkbox{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;-ms-flex-negative:0;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;align-items:center;background-color:#eee;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;flex-shrink:0;height:1em;justify-content:center;margin-right:.25em;width:1em}.ep-checkbox:after{border:solid#fff;border-width:0.125em.125em0;content:"";display:none;height:.5em;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg);width:.25em}.ep-checkbox.checked{background-color:#5e5e5e}.ep-checkbox.checked:after{display:block}/*!Thisfileisauto-generated*/.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em+2px)calc(1.333em+2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square:1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3:4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4:3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2:3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3:2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9:16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16:9/16;--wp--preset--color--black:#;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray:#abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white:#ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink:#f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red:#cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange:#ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber:#fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan:#7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan:#00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue:#8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue:#0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple:#9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1)0%,rgb(155,81,224)100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180)0%,rgb(0,208,130)100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1)0%,rgba(255,105,0,1)100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1)0%,rgb(207,46,46)100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238)0%,rgb(169,184,195)100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220)0%,rgb(151,120,209)20%,rgb(207,42,186)40%,rgb(238,44,130)60%,rgb(251,105,98)80%,rgb(254,248,76)100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236)0%,rgb(152,150,240)100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165)0%,rgb(254,45,45)50%,rgb(107,0,62)100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112)0%,rgb(199,81,192)50%,rgb(65,88,208)100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203)0%,rgb(182,227,212)50%,rgb(51,167,181)100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128)0%,rgb(113,206,126)100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129)0%,rgb(40,116,252)100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small:13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium:20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large:36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large:42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20:0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30:0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40:1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50:1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60:2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70:3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80:5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural:6px6px9pxrgba(0,0,0,0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep:12px12px50pxrgba(0,0,0,0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp:6px6px0pxrgba(0,0,0,0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined:6px6px0px-3pxrgba(255,255,255,1),6px6pxrgba(0,0,0,1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp:6px6px0pxrgba(0,0,0,1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap:0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap:0.5em;}body.is-layout-flex{display:flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}.is-layout-flex>:is(*,div){margin:0;}body.is-layout-grid{display:grid;}.is-layout-grid>:is(*,div){margin:0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap:2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap:2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap:1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap:1.25em;}.has-black-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--black)!important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray)!important;}.has-white-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--white)!important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink)!important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red)!important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange)!important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber)!important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan)!important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan)!important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue)!important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue)!important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple)!important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black)!important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{backUniversidade de Harvardground-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray)!important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white)!important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink)!important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red)!important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange)!important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber)!important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan)!important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan)!important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue)!important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue)!important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple)!important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black)!important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray)!important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white)!important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink)!important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red)!important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-oraUniversidade de Harvardnge)!important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber)!important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan)!important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan)!important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue)!important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue)!important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple)!important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple)!important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan)!important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange)!important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red)!important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray)!important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum)!important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple)!important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux)!important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk)!important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean)!important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass)!important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight)!important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--small)!important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium)!important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--large)!important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large)!important;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap:1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap:1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap:2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap:2em;}:root:where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size:1.5em;line-height:1.6;} varmodernTribe=window.modern_tribe||{}; modernTribe.events={ trigger:function(event_type,event_data,el){ varevent; try{ event=newCustomEvent(event_type,{detail:event_data}); }catch(e){ event=document.createEvent('CustomEvent'); event.initCustomEvent(event_type,true,true,event_data); } el.dispatchEvent(event); } }; varcoreCallback=function(){ if(document.readyState=='complete'){ modernTribe.events.trigger('google_custom_search_loaded',null,document); }else{ google.setOnLoadCallback(function(){ modernTribe.events.trigger('google_custom_search_loaded',null,document); },true); } }; varresultsRenderedCallback=function(){ if(document.readyState=='complete'){ modernTribe.events.trigger('google_custom_search_results_rendered',null,document); }else{ google.setOnLoadCallback(function(){ modernTribe.events.trigger('google_custom_search_results_rendered',null,document); },true); } }; window.__gcse={ callback:coreCallback, searchCallbacks:{ web:{ rendered:'resultsRenderedCallback', }, } }; (function(){ varcx=':n4rl30fjc-e'; vargcse=document.createElement('script'); gcse.type='text/jascript'; gcse.async=true; gcse.src=(document.location.protocol==':'?':':'http:')+'//cse.google.com/cse.js?cx='+cx; vars=document.getElementsByTName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(gcse,s); })(); vardataLayer_content={"siteID":1,"siteName":"HarvardUniversity","visitorLoginState":"logged-out","peTitle":"HarvardUniversity","pePostType":"frontpe","pePostType2":"single-pe","pePostAuthorID":2,"pePostDate":"January29,2021","pePostDateYear":2021,"pePostDateMonth":1,"pePostDateDay":29,"pePostDateDayName":"Friday","pePostDateHour":12,"pePostDateMinute":9,"pePostDateIso":"2021-01-29T12:09:10-05:00","pePostDateUnix":50,"pePostTerms":{"meta":{"title":"","content":"","ime":"","show_secondary_n":0,"masthead_theme":"light","vertical_text":"","vertical_text_color":"graphite","screen_reader_h1":"HarvardUniversity","wvpl_play_count":1,"wvpl_runtime":0,"footnotes":""}},"browserName":"Chrome","browserVersion":"41.0.2228.0","browserEngineName":"Blink","browserEngineVersion":"","osName":"Windows","osVersion":6.1,"deviceType":"desktop","deviceManufacturer":"","deviceModel":"","postCountOnPe":1,"postCountTotal":0,"postID":6392,"postFormat":"standard"}; dataLayer.push(dataLayer_content);(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':newDate().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});varf=d.getElementsByTName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='///gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5SGSF6G'); /*onthehistorype,makethelinefullheightfornow*/.pe-harvard-history.the-follower{ height:100%!important;}/*onthehistorype,makethelinenotrunthroughthereddots*/.pe-harvard-history.c-block--width-grid:not(.c-block--layout-center).b-timeline__container:before,.pe-harvard-history.c-block--width-grid:not(.c-block--layout-center).b-timeline__container:after{ z-index:2;}/*temporaryfixtogiveamax-widthtotheherounderline*/.b-hero.c-content-block__underline{ margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; max-width:624px;}/*colorfulhr*/.wp-block-separator.colorful-hr{margin-bottom:20px;}.wp-block-separator.colorful-hr:after{border-bottom-width:20px;height:20px;}.wp-block-separator.colorful-hr.color-ivy:after{border-bottom-color:#c;}.wp-block-separator.colorful-hr.color-blue:after{border-bottom-color:#4e84c4;}.wp-block-separator.colorful-hr.color-saffron:after{border-bottom-color:#d;}.wp-block-separator.colorful-hr.color-lemon:after{border-bottom-color:#ffdb6d;}/*sectionheader-talllineandcoloroptions*/.b-header.c-block.tall-line.b-header__border:after{border-bottom-width:20px;}.b-header.c-block.color-saffron.b-header__border:after{border-color:#d;}.b-header.c-block.color-blue.b-header__border:after{border-color:#4e84c4;}.b-header.c-block.color-ivy.b-header__border:after{border-color:#c;}.b-header.c-block.color-lemon.b-header__border:after{border-color:#ffdb6d;}.b-header.c-block.color-indigo.b-header__border:after{border-color:#0A2240;}.b-header.c-block.color-mortar.b-header__border:after{border-color:#F;}.b-header.c-block.color-slate.b-header__border:after{border-color:#8996A0;}.b-header.c-block.color-crimson.b-header__border:after{border-color:#A51C30;}/**TemporaryfixforFirefoxv78removed:not(.is-style-XX-Large.has-text-align-center)**/.t-sink>.wp-block-group__inner-container>:not(.c-block):not(.alignwide):not(.html-alignwide):not(.align-wide):not(.alignfull):not(.wp-block-embed):not(.is-style-pull-quote){max-width:624px;width:calc(100%-48px);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}/***Pespecificfix*Lookingbackin2021InFocus*removespaceabovevideo*/.postid-.c-block.hide-border.b-header__container.b-header__border{ display:none;}.pe-id-6392.c-block.hide-border.b-header__container.b-header__border{ display:none;}/***Tryoutsmoothscrollbehior**/html{ scroll-behior:smooth;}/***4/20/2023:Fixforeventlistdisplayissue,handlingbotheventswithlinkandwithout**/.b-events-grid.list_layout.g-3-up>.c-card{ display:block;}.b-events-grid.list_layout.g-3-up>.c-card,.b-events-grid.list_layout.g-3-up>.c-card__b-event{ border-top:1pxsolid#c4c5c6; padding:48px0; margin:024px;}.compact-event-list.b-events-grid.list_layout.g-3-up>.c-card,.compact-event-list.b-events-grid.list_layout.g-3-up>.c-card__b-event{ padding:24px0;}@mediascreenand(min-width:768px)and(max-width:1200px){.b-events-grid.list_layout.g-3-up>.c-card,.b-events-grid.list_layout.g-3-up>.c-card__b-event{ padding:24px0; margin:012px;}}@mediascreenand(max-width:767px){.b-events-grid.list_layout.g-3-up>.c-card,.b-events-grid.list_layout.g-3-up>.c-card__b-event{ padding:24px0; margin:0;}}.b-events-grid.list_layout.c-card.c-card{ border:0; padding:0;}/***10/17/2023,fixvideocontrolissue***/.c-video__block.c-video{position:relative;}/***1/16/2024,Compactmarginforside-by-sideblocks***/.c-block.b-side-by-side{ margin-top:0!important; margin-bottom:0!important;}/**4/5/2024mGrityformpollresultscolorfix**/.gform_confirmation_wrapper:not(.gform-theme--framework).gpoll_container.red.gpoll_ratio_box{background-color:#A51C30;}.gform_confirmation_wrapper:not(.gform-theme--framework).gpoll_container.gpoll_bar_juice:after{ background-ime:none;}.gform_confirmation_wrapper:not(.gform-theme--framework).gpoll_container.red.gpoll_bar_juice{background-ime:linear-gradient(#A51C30,#A51C30);box-shadow:none;}#gform_confirmation_wrapper_28{ margin:0auto; padding:25px;} Skiptomaincontent HarvardUniversity Search SearchQuickLinks AtoZindex Menu Academics Academics Academics LearningatHarvardcanhappenforeverytypeoflearner,atanyphaseoflife. Degreeprograms Academics Degreeprograms Browseallofourundergraduateconcentrationsandgraduatedegrees. UndergraduateDegrees GraduateDegrees Other ProfessionalandLifelongLearning HarvardOnline HarvardSchools Academics VisiteachSchoolforinformationonadmissionsandfinancialaid. Exploremore HarvardCollege HarvardBusinessSchool HarvardDivisionofContinuingEducation HarvardDivinitySchool HarvardFacultyofArtsandSciences HarvardKennethC.GriffinGraduateSchoolofArtsandSciences HarvardGraduateSchoolofDesign HarvardGraduateSchoolofEducation HarvardJohnA.PaulsonSchoolofEngineeringandAppliedSciences HarvardKennedySchool HarvardLawSchool HarvardMedicalSchool HarvardRadcliffeInstitute HarvardSchoolofDentalMedicine HarvardT.H.ChanSchoolofPublicHealth Campus Campus Harvard'sCampus Getticketstoournextgame,hoursandlocationsforourlibrariesandmuseums,andinformationaboutyournextcareermove. Libraries Campus Exploreourlibraries ArnoldArboretumHorticulturalLibrary BakerLibraryandSpecialCollections BibliotecaBerenson BotanyLibraries CabotScienceLibrary CountwayLibrary DumbartonOaksResearchLibrary ErnstMayrLibrary FineArtsLibrary FrancesLoebLibrary FungLibrary GutmanLibrary HarvardDivinitySchoolLibrary HarvardFilmArchive HarvardLawSchoolLibrary HarvardMapCollection HarvardUniversityArchives Harvard-YenchingLibrary HKSLibraryandKnowledgeServices HoughtonLibrary LamontLibrary LoebMusicLibrary RobbinsLibraryofPhilosophy SchlesingerLibraryontheHistoryofWomeninAmerica TozzerLibrary WidenerLibrary WoodberryPoetryRoom Museums Campus Exploreourmuseums TheArnoldArboretum CarpenterCenterfortheVisualArts CollectionofHistoricalScientificInstruments GraduateSchoolofDesignExhibitions HarvardArtMuseums HarvardForest HarvardMuseumofNaturalHistory TheHarvardMuseumoftheAncientNearEast HarvardMuseumsofScienceandCulture HarvardUniversityHerbaria MineralogicalandGeologicalMuseum MuseumofComparativeZoology ThePeabodyMuseumofArchaeologyandEthnology WarrenAnatomicalMuseum Athletics WorkatHarvard Events CommencementInFocus InFocus ExploreandunderstandtheworldwithHarvard InFocusisacuratedexaminationofHarvard'sresearch,scholarlywork,andcommunity.Recenttopicsinclude: HarvardintheWorld InFocus HarvardintheWorld Harvardfaculty,students,andalumnicomposeaglobalnetworkthatisexploring health,law,government,education,business,andmorearoundtheworld. Exploretheglobe What'sinside JourneytotheAmazon LearnaboutWorldwideWeekatHarvard NobelsatHarvard InFocus NobelsatHarvard ExploreHarvard'shistorywiththeNobelPrizeandlearnaboutwinnerspastandpresent. Viewthefeature What'sinside MeetProfessorGaryRuvkun,a2024winner MeetHarvard'sNobelLaureates Water InFocus Water TheHarvardcommunityisexploringwaystoensurethattheworld’swater—fromthevastoceanstoaglassoftapwater—ishealthful,unpolluted,andabundant. Dipyourtoe What'sinside? ReevaluatingColoradoRiverwateruseasthesupplydwindles Hownewfederalruleswillimpact"foreverchemicals"inourdrinkingwater Housing InFocus Housing Intheerelifetime,apersonspends65%oftheirtimeinsidetheirhome.Harvardscholarsarestudyinghowtoimproveandevolvethiscriticalpartofourlives. Comeonin What'sinside? Homepriceshefaroutpacedincome Thedifficultyofendinghomelessness ExploretheInFocusarchivesVisit Visit VisitHarvard Ideasandassistanceforyourtriptoourcampus. Tours Mapsanddirections TourProvidersAbout About AboutHarvard LearnhowHarvardisstructured,exploreourlonghistory,anddiscoverourextendedcommunity. HistoryofHarvard About HistoryofHarvard Harvardisperhapsbest-knownbecauseofitsenduringhistoryofinnovationineducation.Butevendie-hardHarvardbuffsarenotlikelytoknowalloftheseHarvardfirstsandhistoricalsnippets. Learnmore Historytimeline NobelLaureates HonoraryDegrees Harvardshields Leadershipandgovernance About LearnaboutourLeadership President OfficersandDeans HarvardCorporation BoardofOverseers UniversityProfessorships DiversityandInclusion Endowment HarvardintheCommunity HarvardintheWorldNews News TheHarvardGazette OfficialnewsfromHarvardUniversityaboutscience,medicine,art,campuslife,Universityissues,andbroadernationalandglobalconcerns. TrendingNewsStories News Readmorenews UnearthedpapyruscontainslostscenesfromEuripides’plays Alumshelpidentify,decipher‘oneofthemostsignificantnewfindsinGreekliteratureinthiscentury’ What’snextafteraNobel?It’sasurprise. HarvardscientistGaryRuvkunawardedmedicineprizeformicroRNAinsights.‘Myignoranceisbliss,’hesays. GettingtothebottomoflongCOVID AreservoirofvirusinthebodymayexplainwhysomepeopleexperiencelongCOVIDsymptoms SignupfortheDailyGazette NigationQuickLinks AtoZindexFindapersonEventsMediaRelationsAlumniGiveNowEmergency HarvardUniversity Close HarvardUniversity HarvardintheWorld Ourglobalcommunity Harvardfaculty,students,andalumUniversidade de Harvardnicomposeaglobalnetworkofresearchers,scholars,andpractitionersexploringandcontributingtohealth,law,religion,socialscience,government,education,business,art,news,justice,design,andtheenvironmentaroundtheworld. JoinusincelebratingWorldwideWeekatHarvard 100+langues aretaughtatHarvard,includingtherecentadditionofTalog. 29.6millionlearners fromallacrosstheglobeheenrolledincoursesonHarvardOnline. 20+locationsabroad linkHarvardfacultyandstudentstolocalscholars,businesses,andcommunities. Asia Fromthecross-culturalstudiesatHarvard8217;sAsiaCenterandtheLakshmiMittalandFamilySouthAsiaInstitutetothecomprehensiveEastAsiancollectionsoftheHarvardYenchingLibraryandresearchfromtheMiddleEastInitiative,HarvardenjoysawealthofresourcestohelpscholarsexploreandcelebrateAsia. Medicine HarvardSchoolofDentalMedicinealumShahidAzizstartedSmileBangladesh,anonprofitdedicatedtoprovidingcaretochildrenandadultswithfacialcleftdeformities.HisfriendandformerclassmateJoseMarchenaisvicepresidentoftheorganization. Medicine Technology AthesisbySchoolofEngineeringalumZeerakAhmedfocusedonbetterrepresentingUrduandothernon-Latinlanguesinsoftware. Technology Farming Gramhal,foundedbyKennedySchoolalumVikasBirhma,provideswarehousingthatallowsfarmersinIndiatostoretheircropsandwaituntilpricesimprove. Farming Resources ThisGraduateSchoolofDesignthesisfocusedontheMekongRiver,thelifebloodofplants,animals,andtensofmillionsofpeopleacrosssixcountries. Resources Business HarvardBusinessSchoolalumsYumikoMurakamiandMiwaSekistartedthefirstwoman-ledventurecapitalfirminJapan. Business Politics ExperiencesinIraqledtoBelferCenterFellowMarsinAlshamary8217;sthesis,andlaterbook,exploringwhyreligiousleadersgetinvolvedinpolitics. Politics SouthAmerica TheDidRockefellerCenterforLatinAmericanStudiesboastsavarietyofinitiativesbasedinSouthAmerica,includingtheChileanUniversityAllianceforWomeninAcademia,AprendoEnCasa,andtheBrazilStudiesProgram. InsideHarvard039;sAmazonRainforestImmersion ClicktoPlayVideo JourneytotheAmazon InAugust2024,HarvardlaunchedtheHarvardAmazonRainforestImmersion,aninterdisciplinaryprogramthatbringstogetherfaculty,students,andyoungacademicstoexploreoneoftheplanet8217;smostvitalecosystems. Learnabouttheimmersion TransformingearlychildhoodeducationinBrazil AdiversegroupofleadersfromacrossBrazilcametogetheratHarvardtolearnaboutthelatestscienceinearlychildhooddevelopmentandcreateplanstoimplementlocally. UsingdesigntopromoteadvocacyinLatinAmerica DanielaTeránEndarafocusesonhuman-centricdesign,whichputspeople’sneedsandperspectivesatthecenterofthedesignprocess,tohelpcommunitiesinEcuador,Peru,andColombia. Shiftingthenarrativeon“dying”langues RobertoZariquiey,a2022-2023RadcliffeInstitutefellow,ishopingtoreframethediscussionaroundlangueswithfewspeakers. AdvancingAfro-LatinAmericanStudies Scholars,artists,andleaderscametogetherataconferenceinSãoPaulotosharescholarshiprelatingtorace,racism,andracialstratificationinLatinAmerica. Australia/Oceania Harvardstudents,faculty,andalumnihetheopportunitytosupportandexplorethisregionthroughstudyabroadprogramsinAustraliaandNewZealand,collaborationwithschoolsthroughtheLeadingLearningthatMattersprogram,andprogrammingandnetworkingwiththeHarvardClubofAustralia. Cancerresearchandsupport AschairoftheBreastCancerFoundationNewZealand,HarvardBusinessSchoolalumJustineSmythbelievestheambitiousgoalofzerodeathscanbeachieved. Readmoreaboutherwork Readmoreaboutherwork Empoweringwithart ParticipantsinthisKennedySchoolprogrambrainstormedwaystoaddressthechallengingissueofyouthunemploymentwithinthecreativeindustryinPapuaNewGuinea. Readmoreabouttheprogram Readmoreabouttheprogram Learningfromhistory ThisdissertationdrewonarchivalsourcesandoralhistorytoexaminetherelationshipsbetweentheMarshallese,Protestantmissionaries,andtheU.S.military. Learnmoreaboutthedissertation Learnmoreaboutthedissertation Educationalleaders In2019,theHarvardGraduateSchoolofEducation8217;s8220;Principals8217;CentreinAustralia8221;program,whichistailoredtoregionalchallengesandconcerns,washeldattheUniversityofSydneyBusinessSchoolinAustralia. Learnmoreabouttheprogram Learnmoreabouttheprogram Antarctica HarvardresearchersareinvestigatingeverythingfromclimatechangetoastrophysicsonEarth8217;scoldestcontinent. LearnaboutresearchhappeningattheSouthPoleTelescope Lifeontheice Everyyear,scientiststreltotheinhospitableSouthPoletoconductstudiesunderconditionsfoundnowhereelseonearth. Learnmoreaboutthelivesoftheseintrepidadventurers Europe ManycentersandprogramsacrossHarvard,includingtheEuropeResearchCenterinParis,theMindadeGunzburgCenterforEuropeanStudies,andtheCenterforHellenicStudies,provideacademicresourcesandopportunitiesforstudentsinCambridgeandEurope. Academicsandathletics Atafour-daysummerintensiveprograminGreece,studentsdelvedintostudyingtheoriginalOlympicGames,its19th-centuryrevival,anditsinfluenceonmodernsport. Learnmoreabouttheprogram Icelandicinternshipforsustainability HarvardKennedySchoolstudentsinternedwithIceland’sNationalEnergyAuthorityandcontributedtothecountry’sambitiousclimatejourney. Learnmoreabouttheirimpactfulexperience Scholarshelpingscholars TheDisCenter’sScholarsWithoutBordersprogramprovidesnetworkingsupportandprofessionaldevelopmentopportunitiestodisplacedacademicsfromUkraine,Belarus,andRussia. Readmoreabouttheinitiative Cardiacresearch BasedinTurkey,InterventionalCardiologistHarunKundiconductedextensiveresearchintofrailtyandcardiaccomplicationsinpatientswithCOVID-19. Learnmoreabouthiswork ResearchingtheRenaissance Housedinahistoricvilla,ITatti,Harvard’sCenterforItalianRenaissanceStudies,haswelcomedmorethanonethousandscholarsworkinginthefieldsofItalianRenaissanceart,history,literature,philosophy,science,andmusic. Explorethecenter Africa TheHarvardcommunity’simpactinAfricacanbeseenintheworkoftheAfricaResearchCenter,theHarvardMalariaInitiative,andtheHarvardUniversityCenterforAfricanStudies. Newendeors Sevenprojectshebeenselectedasthe2024awardeesfortheMotsepePresidentialResearchAcceleratorFundforAfrica.Theprimarypurposeofthefundistosupportfaculty-ledandstudent-drivenresearchprojectsthatfocusonadvancingkeychallengesandopportunitiesfacingAfrica. Newendeors Education ToshikoMori,aprofessoratHarvardGraduateSchoolofDesign,openedaschoolinSenegalthatfosterscommunityandredefineslearningforchildren. Education Economy TheGrowthLabistrainingstudentsandpractitionerstodoeconomicdevelopmentpolicyworkincitiesandcountriesacrosstheglobe. Economy Healthcare HarvardSchoolofDentalMedicinefacultyreturnedtoRwandatoexpandoralhealthtraining,thistimewithafocusonfuturephysicians. Healthcare Leadership In2022,HarvardLawSchoolbroughttogetherfourfemaleAfricanheadsofstatetoexploreopportunitiesforthecontinent’sfutureadvancement. Leadership NorthAmerica HarvardinitiativesinNorthAmericaarevastandvaried,includingtheWeatherheadCenter8217;sCanadaprogram,theProjectonIndigenousGovernanceandDevelopmentattheHarvardKennedySchool,andtheDidRockefellerCenter8217;sprogramsinMexicoandtheCaribbean. ExploremoreworkbytheHarvardCommunity IndigenousculturesofMexico HarvardExtensionSchoolInstructorCarlosVargasexploresthediversityofIndigenousculturesinMexico. LearnmoreaboutMexico LearnmoreaboutMexico StabilityandsecurityinHaiti AnthropologistEricaCapleJamesoutlinestherootsofthecountry’scurrentunrestandsaysthatultimately,stabilityandsecuritymustcomethroughgovernancethatisaccountabletoHaiti’speople. LearnmoreaboutHaiti LearnmoreaboutHaiti PrideinCuba TheHarvardReviewofLatinAmericaexploresCuba’sLGBTQ+community. LearnmoreaboutCuba LearnmoreaboutCuba LanguesofAlaska X̱ʼuneiLanceTwitchellisworkingtokeepAlaskaNativelanguesalive. LearnmoreaboutAlaska LearnmoreaboutAlaska RejuvenationinDetroit ThislandscapearchitectureprojectsdigsintotheemptylotsoftheWarrendaleneighborhood:whoownsthem,whyhen’ttheychanged,andhowcanthenextgenerationhelpshapetheirfuture. LearnmoreaboutDetroit LearnmoreaboutDetroit HealthequityinMississippi Aspartofapublichealthfellowship,HarvardstudentsexploredapproachestofixthehealthinequitiesintheMississippiDelta. LearnmoreaboutMississippi LearnmoreaboutMississippi Youmayalsolike RelatedInFocustopics ClimateAction PublicService,PublicGood Migration Security&Brand ReportInfringementReportSecurityIssueTrademarkNotice Website AccessibilityDigitalAccessibilityPrivacystatement GetInTouch ContactHarvardMaps038;DirectionsJobs ©2024ThePresidentandFellowsofHarvardCollege Instram TikTok LinkedIn Facebook YouTube window.Promise|| document.write(''); varmodern_tribe_i18n={"help_text":{"msg_limit":"Thereisalimittothemessesyoucanpost.","secondary_n_toggle":"Explorethissection"},"tooltips":{"add_to_se":"AddPhototoSedItems","in_this_photo":"Productsinthisphoto"}};varmodern_tribe_config={"imes_url":":\/\/\/wp-content\/themes\/core\/assets\/img\/theme","template_url":":\/\/\/wp-content\/themes\/core\/","script_debug":"","hmr_dev":"","block_theme_service_worker":"","ppp":"12","home_url":":\/\/"};wp.i18n.setLocaleData({'textdirection\u0004ltr':['ltr']});window.wpParselySiteId='harvard.edu';_stq=window._stq||[];_stq.push(["view",JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"1\",\"post\":\"6392\",\"tz\":\"-4\",\"srv\":\"\",\"hp\":\"vip\",\"j\":\"1:13.9.1\"}")]);_stq.push(["clickTrackerInit","1","6392"]);